Laterally expansible lighting fixture and part therefor



Nov. l1, 1952 R. L. HHL 2,617,919

LATERALLY EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREFOR Filed Sept. 17, 1947 Nov. 11, 1952 n; L. HGH. 2,617,919

LATERALLY` EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTUREv A-ND PART THEREFOR R. L. HOHL Nov. 11, 1952 LATERALLY EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREFOR 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 17, 1947 Nov. l1, 1952 R, Hol-" 2,617,919

LATERLLY EXFANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREFOR Filed Sept. 17, 1947 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Russel@ LJIOFLZ. Zyly/*MMM I aven/i022 LATERALLY EXPASIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREFOR Filed Sept. 17. 1947v 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Nov. 11,` 1952 R. L. Hom. I 2,617,919

LATERALLY EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREF'OR Filed Sept. 1"?. 1947 1 0 Sheets-Sheet 6 Nov. 1l, 1952 LATERALLY EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE` AND PART THEREF'OR 1o shams-sheet' 'r Filed sept.-17. 1947 R. L. HHL

Nov. l1, 1952 LATERALLY EXPANSBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREF'OR Filed Sept.I 17. 1947 LATERALLY EXPNSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PART THEREFOR Filed Sept. 17, 1947 1o snets-sheet 9 Nov. ll, 1952 R. l.. HoHL 2,617,919

LATERALLY EXPANSIBLE LIGHTING FIXTURE AND `PART IHEREFOR Filed sept. 17, 1947` 1o sheets-sheet 1o www a9 fm@- E /77 /5 /8 ./5 /s ,es /65 5 33 /67 a5.

I 17T/venan' Russell L.Ho 217/,

Patented Nov. 11, 1952 LATERALLY.'EXPANSIBLELIGHTINQ D PART "IHEREIEORv 1 Russell`.'Iz'..Hohl,Rome, N. Y., assigner to Revere Copper andfBrassfIncornor-atedl Rome, .N4 YmacorporationofiMaryland l.

Application'sepember 17, 1947,1seria1No. 774,538

fgatedtubularf fluorescentilamps; and to :parts for ceiling;

`Fig`;12` vis---aA longitudinal section-ofl the right hand." endfportion of the fixture -according to Fig.- l', on" an "enlargedsca'le, fcorrespondingtoa section'on 'the'linee-#Z of' Figri l Fig: i4'L isja.Y detail, on anrenlarged scale, of a jointaccording'tocFig: 3';

Figs. f', G'and'are, respectively; differentmodi 'fications of-the joint showrifby Fig. 4;.

."Ei'gziisma section lon vthe line Beet" orFig. 3, w-ithiparts broken away;

- Fig..'9;.is"`a section on the line "9-49 oQFig. l,

Withthelamps omitted; l .y

Fig; '.102 is anisom'etrio View of areiniorcing member. or; strut` employed in: thejixture accordinginthe,v invention; l Fig...,1'1i's. abottom View. of airagment'vofthe x.ture.according.to Figs...1f to 4, 18,. Stand-lil;

,Fig. 12is.-an end vrviewof the-finiture according to Figs.. .1 .to 4l. and 8 to 11;

Fig.` 13;v is.: `a'section` oir the line I3-I3 .of Fig. 12,;orL an Venlargedscale;v u

Fig. 14 is a section'.,zcorresponding toFig. 3, showing. axmodied. form of ."xturer according .to

the invention;

Fig..15is 'a section onthe line lli-#l5 of Fig..21, ervan enlarged scale; l

Fig. 1 6-is a section, correspondingto Fig. 9, showing: a further modified 'form of "flxtur according to .the invention;

Fig. 17 is a section on the line II-I'I o'f Fig. 14, with partscin elevation;

' Fig. IB: is a 1 section on the" line -I8-- IB 'rif jiFig.

17, this. section `linef beingqal'sofappliedito Fig. f8 forconvenience-v inffollowingthe:drawings;

Fig. 19 is ay i section;l *corresponding -to: Fig. '13, showing another modied 'form;of xture accord-e ing totheinvention;

Figs. 20 to f22:v are, respectively,v rsections corresponding to Fig'. 91showingf'otherdiierentmodified forms offixtures i aceordinglto theinvention Fig. V23 is a-'section on the-1ineAr23-123 ofFig. 20; and

Figs.` 24, 25 and 26.are,respectively, sections correspondingtoFig. 9, withpart's omitted, show ingl still furtherdilerent lrhodied `forms of lixtures `according tothe invention.

The' xtureV shown by "Figs, 1 to 4I and 8 toi-13 ofthe drawings carries the-six elongated iluoresf cent lamps I-(Figs. 1, 2,8and11\). Theselamps, which at -presentl are availablefin lengths upto eight feet, atl oppositeVV ends arevremova-bl-y carried by the lamp sockets' 3 supportedby ythe fixe ture.-

As shown, eachof-fthe four intermediate lamps is associatedwith an elongatedldownwardlyopening trough-shaped member 4-5- extendingv substantially thel length of the iixture, theV concave- Vside 1 of which memberformsl -a reflector for the lamp. Asl shown, each of` these `members-is formed adjacent the lower- Vportion of itsA left hand side, asp-viewed inFigs. 3, 4; and 9, with a thickened portion 9 `the upper-surface of which presents a "longitudinally extending -ledge II. BelowthisV ledge this thickened`v portion is formed withan elongatedrecess or groove I`3-opening-on the outer sidefof'the member;4 At itsgright hand side, `as viewed *inv .these .gureal each` member is formed'v with a longitudinallyextending: bead I5', As shown, the vinterior surfaceA of; the` recess I3 and; exterior surface of the bead 1|5in. vtransverse cross-sectionpresent.complementaryarcsgreater than of,` circles,so.that .whenthe bead', is entered-into ythe recess.a join-t is formed between adjacent members 5 lockingY them together against separation `except longitudinally of the members. member is presented to thewenclol` the recess of the adjacent member, and-the: two arethen moved` longitudinally relative to.- eachf .other to ina-kerv the joint. l

The vtrough-shaped members 5. are v preferably made by extruding metal. through-a die having.- an opening the shape of the.. member, this metal preferablyfbeingl aluminum-oran aluminum: base alloy. 'In this Way the memberisY ofthesame transverse cross-section throughout its-length-,so`V` Toi make' the joint, theV bead 0f :Olie

that the recesses I3, beads I and thickened portion 9 of the member extend continuously for its full length. The parts are so dimensioned as to present between them the clearance Il shown in Fig. 4, this clearance amounting to one or two hundredths of an inch. This readily permits adjacent members to be slid relatively longitudinally withl a minimum of friction when assembling or disassembling the joint. The slight out of straightness inherent to an extruded shape causes the parts at rather widely spaced points throughout their lengths to take up the clearance and contact each other so that in effect a rigid joint is produced. Y

The part comprising the trough-like members 5 of the fixture according to Figs. 1 lto 4 and 8 to 13 is shown as provided with side members, the lower portions I9 of which are curved identically with the corresponding portions of the members 5 to present reectors for the lamps at the extreme lateral sides of the fixture. rihese side members :also are formed as extruded shapes, preferably of the same metal as the members 5, so that they are continuously of the same transverse cross-section throughout their lengths. As shown, each side member has a portion 2I extending to above the plane of the tops of the members 5 so as to form therewith a channelshaped structure which, among other things, adds rigidity to the assembly As illustrated, the portion 9 of the side member at the left 'hand side of the xture, as viewed in Figs. 3 and 9, is also formed continuously throughout its length with a, longitudinally extending continuous bead I5 identical with that presented by the member 5. The portion I9 of the side member at the right Cir (Figs. 1, 3 and 9) tapped into the portion 2I thereof and distributed throughout the length of the iixture, while at its edge adjacent the side member having the recess I3 the plate is shown as secured to that side member by screws 3| tapped into the flange 25 and distributed throughout the length of `the fixture.

For giving further rigidity to the assembly one or more struts 33 (Figs. 9, l0 and 11) may be employed. As shown, these struts are provided with opposite flanges 35 provided with perforations 3l.

hand side of the fixture, as'viewed'in Fig. 9, is i also formed continuously throughout its length with a thickened portion `9 having a longitudinally extending continuous recess I3 identical with the thickened portion and recess of the member 5. In this way the side members may bejoined to the adjacent sides of the adjacent troughshaped members 5 by longitudinal sliding of the parts in the same Way that those trough-shaped members are joined to each other. y

The upper portion 2I of each side member is shown as bent inwardly toward the vertical medial plane of the fixture, adding stiffness to the kside members and hence to the assembly. For a purpose hereinafter described, the left hand side member, as viewed in Fig. 9, is provided with a downturned flange 23 extending throughout its length, which ange intermediate its height is integrally formed with a further longitudinally extending bead I5 identical with the bead I5 on the lower portion I9 ofthe side member. The opposite side member is constructed similarly to that just described, except that the downturned ange 25 thereof is provided on its outer side intermediate its height with a longitudinally extending recess I3 identical with that formed on the lower portion I9 of this side member.

The inturned portions of the two side mem-4 bers of the fixture according to Figs. 1 to 4 and 8 to 13 carry a closure in the form of a plate 21 which extends substantially' the length of thev The upper ilange 35, as viewed in Fig. 9, is shown as secured to the plate 21 by screws 39 tapped into the latter, while the lower flange rests upon the ledge-II 'presented by the thickened portion 9 of the adjacent trough-shaped member 5, being Secured to such thickened portion by screws 4I (Fig. 9) tapped into it.

The lamp sockets 3 for the four intermediate lamps of the fixture according to Figs. 1 to 4 and 8 to 13 are shown as carried by the U-shaped clips 43 (Fig. 9) the bases 45 of the lamp sockets resting against these clips and beingv secured thereto by bolts 47. The clips are Shown as provided at opposite sides thereof with feet 49 resting against the under side of the plate 21. In this modication these feet are preferablyl secured to the plate by spot welding them to it.

As best illustrated in Figs. 3 and 11, the troughshaped members 5 for the four intermediate lamps of the xture according' to Figs. l to e and 8 to 13 are notched at their ends, as indicated at 5I, to permit the lamp sockets to project from the upper to the lower sides of said members.

The lamp sockets .3 for the two lamps at the extreme opposite sides of the fixture, as shown, are supported by clips 53 having bases 55 (Figs. 3, 8 and 9), the latter resting upon the ledges II presented by the adjacent thickened portions 9 of the adjacent trough-shaped members 5 and being secured to those thickened portions by screws 51 tapped into them. The end portions of the side members are notched at 59, which notches provide surfaces 6I on the side members aligned with the outer surfaces of the vertical upstanding portions of the clips 53 as will be clear from Fig. 3. The bases of the lamp sockets rest against these aligned surfaces, being secured to the clips by bolts 63, and being secured to the side members by screws tapped into the adjacent thickened portions 9 below the ledges II.

As best illustrated in Figs. 1, 11 and 12, the part of the lighting xture formed by the troughshaped members 5, side members, and closure plate 21 is provided at each 4of opposite ends with a cover or end plate 61. 'I'his cover` plate'conveniently is heldin position by screws 69 (Figs. l2 and 13) tapped into the ends of the longitudinally extending recesses I3 of the thickened portions 9 of the trough-shaped members 5, and into the like recess I3 of the iiange 25 of the right hand side member as viewed in Figs. 9 and 12, the beads I5 being cut away, as indicated at 1I (Fig. 13), adjacent the cover plate to permit entrance of the screws into the recesses.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 8, at each end of the fixture is a casing K having a topwall I3 and opposite vertical side walls 15. At the lower edge of each ofthe side wallsis formed a flange TI, and against the under sides of these iianges rests the closure plate 27, the latter being secured to the flanges by rows of screws 19.

l'nteriorly of the casing K are shown transversely arranged spaced supports S and SS. Each i/ 12110 0f lamp nockzetnhaying twot 1nrn11n-1 the ther lends@ l F-:onslztntingg fthe. :ntl-,Ieri Side of: th being; @Onnecteditozn fterami.nail, Vof anat socket, hayngzwn ternnnn1s,;whi1th :kwa en l 21 a ,.thefzonpnstegendf of the ballast: are -fconnent dftnsenarate lamp, socket-Seach hav-.ingione ermzinnl; xThSf .is mentioned ,tjo indicate 1t wiring carried by the 1ightng-lxjau n v monly frfnn'lny f; complm necessitating.:running Jeadffrom onef-nndyof v*nepfl A ,ood-.-thatgthzbroughshape ang :side :members i m12 laidentc. QFQSQfiOre described; maygfbe; assem bled' toifprm xtm dia-17619 cent the right hand end of the ballast casing KI, as viewed in Fig. 1'1, so as to provide a space for the wiring and splices between the end of the ballast and adjacent ballast casing end plate |59, while the supports SSI are positioned in spaced relation at one side of the support SI connected to the outlet box'. It will be noted that the construction shown by Fig. 17 permits the lamp socket supporting clip to be bolted or, if desired, riveted to the top closure plate carried by the side members, instead of being welded thereto as' heretofore described in connection with the arrangement of parts shown by Fig. 2. If desired, however, the construction shown by Fig. 2 may' be modified to embody that shown by Fig. 17 in so far as necessary to permit the lamp socket supporting clips to be secured to the cover plate in the way shown by Fig. 17.

The fixture shown by Fig. 19, in which but two of the trough-shaped members 5 are employed for accommodating two intermediate lamps and, if desired, also two side lamps, is substantially identical with the fixture shown by Figs. 1 to 4 and 8 to 13 heretofore described, except that the ballast casing K2 and ballast supports S2 and SSZ are transversely narrower than the corresponding casing K and supports S and SS of the last mentioned fixture. Further, to provide the 4maximum possible space between the ballasts, the side walls of the ballast casing,

like the side walls of the ballast casing shown in Fig. 14, have flanges |55 conforming to the curved outer surfaces of the portions 2| of the side members, the closure plate I6| of Fig. 19 being secured to these portions 2| by the screws |45 and |41, also as in Fig. 14.

Instead of having the closures for the wiring conduits presented by the trough-shaped parts 5 andthe side members |9, 2| in the form of the plates employed in the preceding modifications, thesame may be formed of extruded shapes as, for example, the shape |63 shown in Fig. 16 illustrating a xture otherwise generally identicalv with that illustrated by Fig. 14. This shape |63, which extends continuously for substantially the length of the xture, at one edge is formed with a downwardly projecting longitudinally extending flange |65 identical with the flange '25of one of the side members, and at its opposite edge with a downwardly projecting longitudinally extending flange |61 identical with the flange 23 of the other side member, so as to present a bead I5 on the flangeA |61 complementary to the recess I3 in the flange 25 and a recess I3 in the flange |65 complementary to the bead I5 on the liange 23. This enables the closure |63 to be joined to the side members by sliding of the closure longitudinally relative to the side members. In this modication (Fig. 16) the feet 49 of the lamp socket supporting clips are shown as secured to the closure |63 byl bolts |69. For preventing interference of the'flanges |65 and |61 with the positioning of these feet said anges at their ends adjacent the clips are cut away, as hereinafter described in connection with Figs. 20 and 23. Otherwise the flanges |65 and |61 extend continuously for the full length of the closure.

The modification shown by Figs. 2O and 23 is like that shown by Figs. 1 to 4 and 8 to 13, except that for the closure plate 21 of the latter are substituted the two identical elongated extruded plate-like closure shapes I1I extending for substantially the length of the fixture. These closure shapes are each identical with that dei ture.

84 scribed in connection with Fig. 16, except that they are wider, the beadl I5 on the flange `I61 adjacent the vertical medial plane'of the xture cooperating with the recess I3 in the adjacent flange |65 to secure the two closure shapes together, while at opposite sides of the Vfixture the flanges |65 and |61 are secured to the flanges 23 and 25 of the two side members as described in connection with Fig. 16. To prevent interference of the joined flanges 23 and |65 and joined flanges '25 and |61 with the adjacent feet 49 of the lamp supporting socket clips 43 said anges at their ends adjacent the clips are cut away, as indicated in Fig. 23 in connection with the flanges 23 and |65. Otherwise these flanges are of the same lengths as the closure shapes. As described in connection with Fig. 16, these clips are secured to the shapes I1I by bolts |69.

With xtures of narrow width, such as shown by Figs. 21 and 22, the closure plate may be formed as integral parts of the extrudedside members. As shown by Fig. 21, the portions 2| of the side members are transversely extended, as indicated at |13, to the vertical'medial plane of the nx- The edges of the side members ,at this medial plane are formed one with the downwardly projecting longitudinally extending beaded flange 23 and the other with the downwardly projecting longitudinally extendng'recessed flange 25, sovthat the two side members may be joined at these edges by longitudinal sliding of one relative to the other. For preventing interference of the flanges 23 and 25 with the clips 43, in the modication vshown by Fig. 21 said anges adjacent their ends are cut away, as indicated at |14 in Fig. 15. Otherwise these anges extend continuously for the full lengths of the side members.

' TheV modification shown by Fig. 22 is similar to that shown by Fig. 21, the portions 2| of the extruded side members being extended transversely, as indicated at |15, to the vertical medial plane of the fixture where their adjacent edges are provided with the beaded flange 23 and re@- cessed ange 25, respectively, enabling the two extruded side member is integrally provided withan upper portion |11 extending toward the medial plane of the xture, the edge of one of these side members being provided with a downwardly projecting longitudinally extending beaded ange 23 and the edge of the other with a downwardly projecting longitudinally extending recessed flange '25. These flanges, which extend continuously for the full lengths of the side members. are shown as connected to each other by an elongated extruded plate-like closure shape |19 also extending for the full lengths of the side members, the closure shape having at one edge a ange |65 and at its opposite edge a ilange |61 respectively formed with a recess I3 complementary to the bead |5 of the ange 23 and with a bead I5 complementary to the recess I3 of theange 25, so that the shape |19 may be joined to the two side members by sliding it longitudinally relative to said side members. In this modification the distance between the recess I3 in the flange |65 and the bead|5 on the flange |61 is the same as between the recess I3 and bead I5 of the trough-shaped member 5. This enables a xture to be formed of any number of joined members 5 by employing an equal number of the members |19 joined together as in- I8I as .shown by Fig. 25, the distance between the recess I3 in the flange |55 and the beadI5 on the iiange |61 of this shape ISI being equal to twice thedi-stance between the recess I3 and the bead I5 of a trough-shaped member 5. lt will -be further understoodr that by use cf the sha-pes V19 and I8| the fixtures shown by Figs.

`v,2i-gto 26 may be -readily expanded -to include any vnurrrber of trough-shaped members. For example, if three trough-shapedmembers -Wereernployed, three shapes |19 could be employed, or

one shape `lis with-a shape 185|. sinu1ariy,itwii1 be understoeds-that the sha-pes H9 and -IBImay be employed for-expanding the ,fixtures-shown iby Figs. `21 and 122 vto include any number of trough-shaped members. In the sense that the distance D between the bead and recess on the shape 115i is equal to the distance la between the :bead and recess on the .member 5, and the distance D between the bead and recess onthe shape IIlI is twice this distance d, the distances D and D may each be said to be an integer multiple of the distance yIi.

The xture shown by Fig. 25 may be reinforced by one or more of the struts 33 heretofore described. In the fixture according to Fig. 26, where said struts cannot be conveniently employed,

struts I 83 of similar construction may be employed, the struts |83 at opposite ends having feet or flanges |85 resting against the shape |19 and trough-shaped member 5, respectively, and being secured thereto by screws I 81 and |88.

In place of the slip joints having the beads I5 and recesses I3, other forms of interlocking joints may be employed. For example, as shown by Fig. 1, the bead may be L-shaped in cross-section as indicated at ISS, and the recess ISI of complementary cross-section. As shown in Fig. 5, the bead takes the form of a flat-sided ange |93 extending into a complementary recess |95, which construction will interlock the parts against 'relative movement in a vertical direction, lateral withdrawal of the flange from the recess being resisted preferably by screws |91 extending through the flange and tapped into the thickened portion ISS of the trough-shaped member 5, or by screws |58 if the construction does not readily permit the use of the screws |91 as in that shown by Figs. 21 and 22. In the modification shown by Fig. 6 the trough-shaped member at one side is formed with a bead 26| received in a complementary recess 203, each of such shape that the parts are interlocked against only relative vertical movement, as in the modification shown by Fig. 5, relative lateral movement being resisted by screws 205 extending through the side of the trough-shaped member having the bead and tapped into the adjacent side of the adjacenttrough-shaped member having the recess.

It will be understood that within the scope of the appended claims wide deviations may be made from the forms of the invention described without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. A laterally expansible sectional lighting nxture part comprising a plurality of identical elon- .lO gated trough-like members arranged in side by side laterally abutting relation, the ,concave inner sidesof which members are light reiiecting for adapting said members to .serve as light .reflectors for tubular lamps; each member at one .of its outer sides adjacent its longitudinally extending rtermina'gl edge at that sidebeing integrally `formed lengthwise thereof with a rearwardly extending portion, which portion isof progressively greater thickness as vitso extends and-is yformed `w-itll an outer surface that transverselyof said lportion is concave, the opposite outer-s-ide'of said member adjacent its terminal edge at that-side bei-ng complementarily convex with respect to said 'conca-ve surface, such convex surface of one member being received by'and fitting the concave surfaceof the adjacent member; that portion of each member whichhas said concave surface being formed with a longitudinally extending recess opening on said Iconcave surface intermediate 'its Width and presenting the female part of a separable interlocking -Slip joint, the `opposite outer -side vof said member beingfformed intermediate vthe width 'of said :convex surface with `a longitu- `dinally extendingbead presentingthe cooperating male .part ofsuch joint, the` members-being directly connected kby said joints and4 whereby additional identical members may be joined to either or both sides of said sectional part.

2. A laterally expansible sectional lighting xture part comprising elongated side members and at least one elongated trough-like member, the concave inner side of which latter is light reecting for adapting said trough-like member to serve as a light reflector for an elongated tubular lamp; said trough-like member at one of its outer sides adjacent its longitudinally extending terminal edge at that side being integrally formed lengthwise thereof with a rearwardly extending portion, which portion is of progressively greater thickness as it so extends and is formed with an outer surface that transversely of said portion is concave, the opposite outer side of said troughlike member adjacent its terminal edge at that side being complementarily convex with respect to said concave surface, for adapting the convex or concave surface of an identical troughlike member to t either said concave or convex surface, respectively; said portion having said concave outer surface being formed with a longitudinally extending recess opening on said concave surface intermediate its width and presenting the female part of a separable interlocking slip joint, the opposite outer side of said troughlike member being formed intermediate the width of said convex surface with a longitudinally extending bead presenting the cooperating male part of such joint, for adapting an identical trough-like member to be joined directly to either side of the first mentioned trough-like member in side to side relation thereto with the `said convex outer surface of one tted into the said concave outer surface of the other; `the outer side of one of said side members being formed with a concave surface portion complementary to said con- Vex outer surface of said trough-like member and with a longitudinally extending recess opening on said vconcave surface portion presenting the female part of an identical separable interlocking slip joint, and the outer side of the other side member being formed with a convex surface portion complementary to said concave outer surface of said trough-like member and with a longitudinally extending bead intermediate the width of said convex surface portion presenting the male part of such joint.

3. A member for forming a laterally expansible lighting fixture part, which member consists of an elongated extruded metal shape of troughlike cross-section the inner side of which is light reecting for adapting said shape to serve as a light reflector for a tubular lamp, said shape at one of its outer sides adjacent its longitudinally extending terminal edge at that side being integrally formed lengthwise thereof with a rearwardly extending portion which is of progressively greater thickness as it so extends and is formed with an outer surface that transversely of said portion is concave, the opposite outer side of said shape adjacent its terminal edge at that side being formed with a surface that is complementarily convex with respect to said concave surface, said portion having said concave outer surface being formed with a longitudinally extending recess opening on said surface intermediate its width and presenting the female part of a separable interlocking slip joint, and the opposite outer side of said shape being formed intermediate the Width of said convex surface with a longitudinally extending bead presenting the cooperating male part of such joint, whereby an 12 identical shape may be directly connected to the first mentioned shape at either or both sides of the latter with said convex surface of one received in and fitting the concave outer surface of the other.

- RUSSELL L. HOHL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS England Aug. 8, 1944 

